Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) – Wildlife of Japan

Introduction

The Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), known simply as “Suzume” in Japan, is one of the most familiar birds across the country. With its cheerful chirping and lively presence, it blends seamlessly into both urban and rural landscapes and has become deeply connected with everyday Japanese life.

Appearance

Sparrows are small, plump birds about 14 cm long. They have a chestnut-brown crown, a black bib, and white cheeks with a distinctive black spot. Their bodies are light brown with darker streaks, making them easy to recognize even from a distance.

Habitat & Distribution

Suzume thrive in human-associated environments. They are commonly found in towns, villages, rice fields, shrines, and temple grounds. In Japan, they are distributed nationwide, from Hokkaido to Okinawa.

Where to See

Sparrows can be observed almost everywhere in Japan, from bustling city centers to quiet countryside. They are especially common in temple and shrine grounds, rice fields during the growing season, and public parks where people gather. Simply walking through a neighborhood or farmland will almost always bring you close to their cheerful presence.

Behavior

Sparrows are highly social birds that often move in flocks. They are active during the day, hopping between branches, rooftops, and wires while chirping “chun-chun.” Their flight is quick and fluttery, usually in short bursts.

Diet

Their diet mainly consists of seeds and grains, but they also feed on insects, especially during the breeding season. In rural areas, they are often seen feeding in rice fields.

Reproduction

Breeding occurs in spring and summer. They typically nest in roof gaps, tree cavities, or man-made nest boxes. Both parents participate in feeding the chicks, which usually fledge within two weeks.

Conservation

Although still widespread across Japan, sparrow populations have been declining in recent decades due to urbanization, modern building designs (with fewer roof gaps), and a decrease in rice paddies.

Author’s Impression

I believe sparrows are an inseparable part of Japan’s landscape. Whether in rice paddies, shrines, or city parks, their presence symbolizes everyday life in Japan. On one occasion, I happened to discover a fledgling perched on a rock and observed it for a while. It was incredibly cute and left a strong impression on me. Watching sparrows always brings a sense of nostalgia and warmth.