Large-billed Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) – Wildlife of Japan

Introduction

The Large-billed Crow is one of the most familiar wild birds in Japan, commonly seen from busy urban areas to forested landscapes. Although often associated with cities, it is a fully wild species that has adapted exceptionally well to human environments through high intelligence and behavioral flexibility.

Appearance

The Large-billed Crow is a large, black crow with a thick, powerful bill and a noticeably heavy-headed appearance. In good light, its feathers may show a subtle bluish or purplish sheen. Juveniles often appear slightly duller than adults and may show a reddish mouth interior, while adults have a black mouth interior.

Habitat & Distribution

In Japan, this species is widely distributed from Hokkaido to Okinawa. It inhabits a broad range of environments, including forests, riversides, coastal areas, and urban settings. The presence of trees and human activity appears to support its success, especially in cities and suburban areas.

Behavior

The Large-billed Crow is highly intelligent and shows advanced problem-solving abilities. During the breeding season, it becomes strongly territorial and may display defensive behavior toward people approaching nesting areas. The species is also known for food caching and for forming communal roosts, sometimes together with other crow species.

Diet

This crow is strongly omnivorous. Its diet includes fruits, insects, small animals, bird eggs and nestlings, and carrion. In urban environments, it may also take advantage of human food waste when it is accessible.

Reproduction

In Japan, egg-laying mainly occurs from late March to April. A typical clutch consists of four to six eggs. The incubation period lasts about 20 days, and chicks usually fledge after approximately one month. After fledging, young birds may remain with their parents for some time before becoming independent.

Conservation

The Large-billed Crow is classified globally as a species of Least Concern, with stable populations across its range. In Japan, it is a common species and often thrives in human-modified landscapes, although conflicts with people are sometimes reported in urban areas.

Author’s Impression

The Large-billed Crow is one of the most representative birds of urban Japan. It is commonly seen even in busy cities, yet it remains unmistakably wild. Its high intelligence allows it to closely observe human behavior, and at times it displays actions that can be genuinely surprising.