Japanese Odd-scaled Snake (Achalinus spinalis) – Wildlife of Japan
Introduction
The Japanese Odd-scaled Snake, also called the “Takachiho Snake,” lives in Japan’s forests. This nocturnal reptile belongs to the family Xenodermidae. Its unique feature is scales that do not overlap. Many people think it is rare, but in reality, its secretive behavior keeps it hidden.
Appearance
This snake grows 30–60 cm long and has a slim body. The color is dark brown to black with an iridescent shine in light. It has a narrow head and small bead-like eyes. The subcaudal scales form a single row, which helps identify the species.
Habitat
The snake lives in moist forests, hiding under leaves, stones, and logs. In Japan, it occurs in Honshu (south of Aomori), Shikoku, and Kyushu (north of the Ōsumi Peninsula). Populations also exist in southern China and northern Vietnam, though some may be separate species.
Behavior
This species stays active at night and moves most often after rain. In Japan, people observe it between May and November, with peaks in early summer and autumn.
Diet
The Japanese Odd-scaled Snake eats earthworms as its main food. It also feeds on leeches and beetle larvae.
Reproduction
Females lay 3–13 eggs between June and August. They choose damp soil or leaf litter to hide the eggs.
Conservation
It is considered “rarely seen” rather than genuinely scarce. The species is preyed upon by larger snakes, including the Oriental Odd-tooth Snake (Lycodon orientalis). Observers are advised to respect local regulations and enjoy the snake through careful observation and photography rather than handling.
Author’s Impression
On rainy nights I often search the forest floor, turning leaves carefully. Earthworms draw out the Takachiho Snake, and in turn, the Oriental Odd-tooth Snake hunts it. To encounter both species together on the same night feels truly legendary.
