Japanese Waxwing (Bombycilla japonica) – Wildlife of Japan

Introduction

The Japanese Waxwing is a sleek, crested songbird of Northeast Asia that winters in Japan in fluctuating numbers depending on berry crops. In some years, huge flocks appear across the country; in others, they may not be seen at all.

Appearance

This silky gray-brown bird has a black mask and a sharp crest. The tail ends with a red terminal band (Bohemian Waxwing shows yellow). The undertail is gray, and the wings bear white and yellow markings with small red wax-like tips on the flight feathers.

Habitat & Distribution

Breeds in the Russian Far East and Northeast China, mainly in coniferous and mixed forests. During winter, it migrates south to Japan, Korea, and eastern China. Within Japan, it can be found from Hokkaido to Kyushu, though its presence varies greatly by year.

Where to See in Japan

They are often found in parks, temple grounds, and open green spaces where fruiting trees such as mistletoe grow. Because mistletoe berries are their favorite food, finding mistletoe is the key to locating this species.

Behavior

Usually seen in flocks, perching high on trees and descending to feed on berries. Their call is a thin, bell-like trill, and they often move together with Bohemian Waxwings.

Diet

Primarily feeds on berries such as mistletoe, rowan, and pyracantha. In summer, they may also catch insects. They swallow fruits whole, dispersing the seeds through droppings.

Reproduction

Nests in trees using twigs and moss, lined with soft materials. Both parents participate in feeding the young.

Conservation

Listed as Near Threatened globally due to habitat loss and fluctuating fruit supplies. In Japan, monitoring wintering populations helps track changes in numbers.

Author’s Impression

This species fascinates me because of its unpredictability—some winters they’re nowhere to be found, while in other years, huge flocks appear across Japan. Since they love mistletoe, looking for mistletoe trees is the best way to find them.

See also: Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) – Wildlife of Japan